What are the two main components of a septic system?

The two main components of a septic system are the septic tank and the drain field. The septic tank serves as the initial holding and treatment area for wastewater from a home. Inside the tank, solids settle at the bottom and are broken down by bacteria, while lighter materials, like grease and oils, float to the top. This separation of solids and liquids is crucial for reducing the amount of waste that ultimately enters the drain field.

The drain field, also known as a leach field, is where the effluent (the liquid part of the wastewater) from the septic tank is distributed into the ground. This area plays a vital role in the final treatment process, allowing beneficial bacteria in the soil to further break down any remaining pathogens and nutrients. Together, these two components work to safely dispose of and treat household wastewater, preventing contamination of surrounding soil and groundwater.

Other options mention components that are either not a part of standard septic systems, like treatment plants (which are used in centralized sewer systems), or irrelevant items such as filters and pumps, which may be accessories but are not fundamental components of a septic system.