What is the primary function of the septic tank in the system?

The primary function of the septic tank is to break down waste and separate solids from liquids. Within the tank, anaerobic bacteria play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter. This breakdown process is essential for reducing the volume of solids and aiding in the initial treatment of wastewater before it moves to the drain field.

In a properly functioning septic system, the tank allows heavier solids to settle at the bottom, forming sludge, while lighter materials such as grease float to the top, forming a scum layer. The partially treated liquid in between is what flows out into the drain field for further treatment by soil filtration and microbial action.

Understanding this function is vital for the maintenance and longevity of a septic system. Regular pumping of the tank is necessary to remove accumulated solids and prevent them from overflowing into the drainage area, which could lead to system failure and contamination of groundwater.