What is the primary purpose of a septic system?

The primary purpose of a septic system is to treat and dispose of wastewater from homes and buildings. Septic systems are designed to manage the effluent generated by households, which includes water from sinks, showers, toilets, and appliances.

When wastewater flows into the septic tank, solids settle to the bottom, forming sludge, while lighter materials, such as grease and oils, float to the surface, forming scum. The liquid wastewater then flows out of the tank into a drain field, where it undergoes further treatment as it percolates through the soil. This natural filtration process purifies the water, allowing it to safely return to the groundwater system.

Other options, such as filtering drinking water or holding stormwater runoff, do not accurately reflect the function of a septic system. Additionally, while septic systems do separate solid waste from liquid waste as part of the treatment process, this is a component of the larger function of wastewater treatment and disposal. The primary focus remains on the efficient handling of wastewater to protect public health and the environment.